Unlike the Avian Flu, which, luckily, constitutes only a risk, tuberculosis (TB) kills 1.7 million people each year and we are witnessing the development of so called "resistant" or "super-resistant" – and, in many cases, mortal - forms of tuberculosis. The development of multi-drug resistant TB (a strain on which two classes of antibiotics have no effect) and extensively-drug resistant TB (for which three antibody classes are ineffective) is a cause of concern to the WHO and has been the subject of worrying publications. It therefore seemed useful to Ms. Marie-Christine Blandin, Senator, and Mr. Jean-Pierre Door, Deputy, co-authors in 2005 of a report on the risk of an epidemic, to complete this work with a public hearing, to allow for a survey of the situation in France, the projects for fighting this disease, and the prospects provided by research.