A variety of stakeholders participate in planning and managing Lithuania’s regional policy, including EU institutions, central government (legislative and executive) and municipal institutions, small, medium and large business from Lithuania and abroad, the academic community, urban and rural non-governmental organisations, as well as active and willing members of society. The White Paper on Lithuanian Regional Policy for harmonious and sustainable development 2017–2030 sets the goal of regional policy, namely, to create preconditions for dignified, active, safe, healthy, and attractive living and working conditions across the country. This fundamentally changes the logic of regional policy in Lithuania by spotting the problems at the grass root level (specific needs of a specific person, village, city and region) and then pooling up local self-government, regional and state resources for solving the problems and meeting these needs. Regional policy is aimed at tackling the challenges within each municipality and region by coordinating financial, economic, educational, scientific, cultural and other measures because, despite technological advancements and the increasing pace of life, each resident of Lithuania is rooted in a specific location with the place of study and work and the immediate access to municipal/intermunicipal public services. Thus, responsible and economically orientated self-government serves as the first pillar of the Lithuanian regional policy. The planning of regional policy is also reflected, to varying degrees, in the key national strategic documents, namely, the State Progress Strategy Lithuania’s vision for the future ‘Lithuania 2050’, the concept of the Comprehensive Plan of the Territory of the Republic of Lithuania, the 2021–2030 National Progress Plan, and the Comprehensive Plan of the Territory of the Republic of Lithuania. This review explores the scope for integrating the regional development provisions of Lithuania’s vision for the future ‘Lithuania 2050’ into the current system and the compatibility of these provisions with the aforementioned key strategic planning documents. Although the integration of the regional development provisions of ‘Lithuania 2050’ into the current strategic governance framework is ensured through a rather clear hierarchy of planning documents, broad political and public consensus, and designated coordination and monitoring mechanisms, while the reciprocal compatibility of key strategic documents is achieved through continuous assessment and rather flexible planning, coordination and monitoring at all levels is necessary for successful implementation of regional progress. This paper also gives an overview of municipal powers in relation to regional development planning, i.e. the organisation of regional development planning on the basis of a multi-level governance structure, where various entities (national, municipal, etc.) cooperate through diverse instruments to achieve balanced and sustainable regional development and growth.