The report provides a detailed and comprehensive description of current (conventional) production technologies and the state of knowledge on possible abatement technologies in the three primary industries, and identifies the technical and economic challenges as well as open research questions. Based on the modelling of two possible development paths towards climate neutrality, which differ primarily in the scope of international cooperation, the economic, ecological and other sustainability effects of the transformation are discussed in order to assess the impacts on employment, upstream and downstream value chains, import dependency and risks to the competitiveness of the German basic materials industry. Finally, industrial and research policy options are derived to promote the transformation towards a climate-neutral primary industry by 2045.