In the report Total Investment in Research and Innovation (TWIN), the Rathenau Instituut presents an overview of public spending on research and development (R&D) and innovation in the period 2020-2026. Every year, we prepare such a TWIN report on the basis of the most recent budget. To this end, the Rathenau Instituut asks ministries to indicate how much is being spent on R&D and innovation, taking the most recent budget as the starting point.