The study maps and analyses current and future threats from online misinformation, reports the currently adopted socio-technical and legal approaches to tackling disinformation and discusses the challenges of evaluating their effectiveness and practical adoption. Drawing on and complementing existing literature, the study considers the findings of relevant journalistic and scientific studies and policy reports about detecting, containing and countering online disinformation and propaganda campaigns. It traces recent development and trends and identifies significant new or emerging challenges. It also addresses potential policy implications of current socio-technical solutions for the EU.