The Fructis project is a research funded with the support of the French Community of Belgium (concerted research actions) - University Academy Wallonia-Europe. Starting from an interdisciplinary approach (legal sciences, ethnology, philosophy, environmental sciences and political science), the objective of this research project is to test the hypothesis that these scientific and social controversies, generally considered as obstacles innovation and decision-making are, on the contrary, a source of innovation and creation in terms of knowledge as well as that of politics and ethics. This study of scientific and social controversies in a context of great uncertainty, will contribute to a mapping of contemporary policies of nature and will be based on the realization of different case studies on controversies involving members of the scientific community (mainly of the Academy Wallonia-Europe) and local audiences.