As a result of health problems following the use of a dangerous pesticide, chlordecone, in banana cultivation in the West Indies, the Government launched a group action in 2008 called the “Chlordecone Plan”. In parallel, the Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices was asked to conduct studies into these issues. It was decided that Mr. Jean-Yves Le Déaut, Deputy, and Mrs. Catherine Procaccia, Senator, should be asked to conduct its study. Its purpose will be to analyse the scientific aspects of the Chlordecone Plan and examine the conditions for introducing a more sustainable tropical agriculture in the West Indies.