The rapid rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize entire industries. However, the adoption of AI has raised significant cybersecurity concerns and challenges. The development and use of AI may introduce novel cybersecurity threats while providing cyber threat actors the ability to magnify the reach and impact of traditional cyberattacks. Conversely, AI tools may enable cyber defenders to develop more robust defenses against these cyberattacks. Given the adoption of AI and the introduction of new and potentially significant cybersecurity risks, this assessment will focus on the use of AI by cybersecurity defenders to better safeguard system information and the risks presented by cyber threat actors leveraging AI in cyberattacks. Key Questions: 1) How has the use of AI affected cyberattack capabilities of threat actors? 2) How is AI being used for cybersecurity and what benefits are presented to cyber defenders when using AI to safeguard information systems? 3) What challenges are presented to cyber defenders when using AI technology to safeguard information systems? 4) What policy options, if any, could help support various policy goals in this area?