Critical skill gaps are making it difficult for federal agencies to carry out their missions—particularly in science and technology. Our past work and recommendations outlined 3 key areas for building the federal science and technology workforce: strategic planning to identify skill gaps and future needs; improving federal pay and hiring; and addressing factors affecting the work environment, like sexual harassment. We testified that while agencies have implemented some of our prior recommendations, they haven't fully implemented others. We've included strategic human capital management on our High Risk List since 2001.