In this annual report, the Rathenau Instituut presents and analyses the central government’s investments in R&D and innovation. We put these investments into perspective by examining investments from other sectors, the provinces and the European Union. Where possible, we draw international comparisons. This edition reflects the impact of the temporary funding measures introduced by the Rutte III and IV governments. The long-term projections also show the cuts to R&D and innovation made by the Schoof government. The planned investments by the Jetten government have not been included in this TWIN.