Achieving European Union’s 2050 carbon neutrality goal requires a profound and accelerated transformation of energy systems. This transition involves not only a reconfiguration of the energy mix, but also far-reaching technological consequences stemming from the choices made, as well as the crucial issue of social acceptability. This report examines the deep structural shifts in national energy systems that are underway. It also looks into the new technological and industrial challenges related to this transition, and considers public acceptance and the capacity of societies to manage the social costs and benefits of the energy transition. 20 EPTA members have contributed to this year’s report. Each member provides unique perspectives and experiences from their countries and regions regarding three main topics: Reconfiguring the energy mix for climate neutrality; Technological consequences of the political choices; Social acceptability and political sustainability of the energy transition. The summary for policymakers synthesises recurring themes, differences, and similarities in member countries’ policy approaches to reconfiguring the energy mix.